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Exodus 12
By Skip Heitzig
Exodus 12

After nine previous plagues, the LORD ensured the deliverance of His people in the plague of the death of the firstborn. Before the Angel of the LORD visited Egypt, God provided a way of escape for His people, and the Passover was instituted. Let's take a careful look at this commemoration of Israel's deliverance and learn how Passover predicted our own deliverance as well.

From the teaching series 02 Exodus - 2011

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Exodus 12 (NKJV™)
1	Now the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,
2	"This month shall be your beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you.
3	"Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying: 'On the tenth day of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household.
4	'And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the persons; according to each man's need you shall make your count for the lamb.
5	'Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats.
6	'Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at twilight.
7	'And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses where they eat it.
8	'Then they shall eat the flesh on that night; roasted in fire, with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
9	'Do not eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roasted in fire--its head with its legs and its entrails.
10	'You shall let none of it remain until morning, and what remains of it until morning you shall burn with fire.
11	'And thus you shall eat it: with a belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. So you shall eat it in haste. It is the LORD'S Passover.
12	'For I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD.
13	'Now the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
14	'So this day shall be to you a memorial; and you shall keep it as a feast to the LORD throughout your generations. You shall keep it as a feast by an everlasting ordinance.
15	'Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. For whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel.
16	'On the first day there shall be a holy convocation, and on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you. No manner of work shall be done on them; but that which everyone must eat--that only may be prepared by you.
17	'So you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this same day I will have brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as an everlasting ordinance.
18	'In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening.
19	'For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses, since whoever eats what is leavened, that same person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or a native of the land.
20	'You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.'"
21	Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, "Pick out and take lambs for yourselves according to your families, and kill the Passover lamb.
22	"And you shall take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. And none of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning.
23	"For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door and not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you.
24	"And you shall observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your sons forever.
25	"It will come to pass when you come to the land which the LORD will give you, just as He promised, that you shall keep this service.
26	"And it shall be, when your children say to you, 'What do you mean by this service?'
27	"that you shall say, 'It is the Passover sacrifice of the LORD, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our households.'" So the people bowed their heads and worshiped.
28	Then the children of Israel went away and did so; just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
29	And it came to pass at midnight that the LORD struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock.
30	So Pharaoh rose in the night, he, all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
31	Then he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, "Rise, go out from among my people, both you and the children of Israel. And go, serve the LORD as you have said.
32	"Also take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also."
33	And the Egyptians urged the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste. For they said, "We shall all be dead."
34	So the people took their dough before it was leavened, having their kneading bowls bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.
35	Now the children of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, and they had asked from the Egyptians articles of silver, articles of gold, and clothing.
36	And the LORD had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they granted them what they requested. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.
37	Then the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides children.
38	A mixed multitude went up with them also, and flocks and herds--a great deal of livestock.
39	And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they had brought out of Egypt; for it was not leavened, because they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared provisions for themselves.
40	Now the sojourn of the children of Israel who lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.
41	And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years--on that very same day--it came to pass that all the armies of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.
42	It is a night of solemn observance to the LORD for bringing them out of the land of Egypt. This is that night of the LORD, a solemn observance for all the children of Israel throughout their generations.
43	And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, "This is the ordinance of the Passover: No foreigner shall eat it.
44	"But every man's servant who is bought for money, when you have circumcised him, then he may eat it.
45	"A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat it.
46	"In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry any of the flesh outside the house, nor shall you break one of its bones.
47	"All the congregation of Israel shall keep it.
48	"And when a stranger dwells with you and wants to keep the Passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as a native of the land. For no uncircumcised person shall eat it.
49	"One law shall be for the native-born and for the stranger who dwells among you."
50	Thus all the children of Israel did; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
51	And it came to pass, on that very same day, that the LORD brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt according to their armies.

New King James Version®, Copyright © 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc. All rights reserved.

<p><strong>Exodus 12 - Exodus 12</strong><br /> From the series: 02 Exodus - 2011<br /> <em>By Skip Heitzig </em><p></p> <p><strong>MESSAGE SUMMARY</strong></p> <p>After nine previous plagues, the LORD ensured the deliverance of His people in the plague of the death of the firstborn. Before the Angel of the LORD visited Egypt, God provided a way of escape for His people, and the Passover was instituted. Let's take a careful look at this commemoration of Israel's deliverance and learn how Passover predicted our own deliverance as well.</p> <p><strong>DETAILED NOTES </strong></p> <p><ol type="I"><li>Introduction <ol type="A"> <li>Tenth Plague: Death <ol> <li>More space in Scripture than the nine previous plagues</li> <li>Center of Jewish history: Passover</li> <li>Basis of relationship with God is the blood of an innocent victim</li> <li>Different from other plagues <ol type="a"> <li>Scope and intensity</li> <li>Interactive plague: Children of Israel participate<br /> Select a lamb<br /> Kill it<br /> Apply blood to the doorway<br /> Act of faith (makes no human sense, do it because of belief)</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Scene Shifts <ol> <li>From Moses and Aaron speaking to Pharaoh</li> <li>God speaks to Moses and Aaron</li> <li>Moses and Aaron speak to Israel</li> <li>Focus shifts from the royal palace to the encampment of slaves</li> </ol> </li> <li>Repetitive: Passover is a memorial for generations to come <ol> <li>Passover Seder </li> <li>Feast of Unleavened Bread</li> </ol> </li> <li>Exodus 1-11 : Subjugation—Slavery</li> <li>Exodus 12-14: Emancipation—Freedom</li> <li>Passover: Prophetic, typological implications "Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us." (<span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 5:7</span>)</li> </ol></li><li>Exodus 12 <ol type="A"> <li>Jewish Calendar <ol> <li>Centered on redemption <ol> <li>Like a Christian having new life in Christ "You once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now works in the sons of disobedience," (<span class='verse'>Ephesians 2:2</span>)</li> <li>Real life came when we came to Jesus Christ</li> <li>Walked- meandered, walked without purpose</li> </ol> </li> <li>Beginning of months <ol type="a"> <li>Nisan: Passover month, first month</li> <li>Tishri: Jewish New Year, seventh month</li> <li>Like the new year compared to the school year or the fiscal year</li> </ol> </li> <li>Based on three astronomical phenomena <ol type="a"> <li>Rotation of the earth on its axis (one day)</li> <li>Revolution of the moon around the earth (one month)</li> <li>Revolution of the earth around the sun (one year)</li> <li>Twenty-nine and a half days for the moon to circuit the earth</li> <li>Twelve lunar months</li> <li>354 days in the entire Jewish calendar</li> <li>Festival kept upon the solar year</li> <li>Jewish calendar adds the month of Adar occasionally</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>First spiritual ceremony: a family gathering <ol> <li>A nation is only as strong as its families</li> <li>Judaism/Israel are family focused <ol type="a"> <li>Shabbat (Friday sunset-Saturday sunset)</li> <li>Husbands buy flowers for wife</li> <li>Dress nicely</li> <li>Family dinner</li> <li>Prayer</li> <li>God is the center</li> </ol> </li> <li>Studies show that kids who eat family meals are better off physically and emotionally</li> </ol> </li> <li>Share the Lamb if there are too few to eat it <ol> <li>pesach - Passover</li> <li>Minimum number to share one lamb was ten by the second temple period (New Testament) <ol type="a"> <li>256,000 lambs slaughtered in one year, according to Josephus Flavius</li> <li>2 ¾ million converged in Jerusalem to celebrate Passover</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Spiritual progression of the lamb <ol> <li>A lamb (v. 3) <ol type="a"> <li>As the unsaved view Jesus Christ</li> <li>One among many</li> <li>A good moral teacher</li> </ol> </li> <li>The lamb (v. 4) <ol type="a"> <li>Holy Spirit awakens your understanding</li> <li>The only one</li> <li>"Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved" (<span class='verse'>Acts 4:12</span>)</li> </ol> </li> <li>Your lamb (v.5) <ol type="a"> <li>Personally saved</li> <li>I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me." (<span class='verse'>Galatians 2:20</span>)</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Passover: the clearest and most striking foreshadowing of the Cross <ol> <li>Abraham and Isaac - "My son, God will provide for Himself the lamb" (<span class='verse'>Genesis 22:8</span>)</li> <li>"He was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, so He opened not His mouth." (<span class='verse'>Isaiah 53:7</span>)</li> <li>"Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!" (<span class='verse'>John 1:29</span>)</li> <li>"For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed or us." (<span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 5:7</span>)</li> <li>"You were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver or gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (<span class='verse'>1 Peter 1:18-19</span>)</li> <li>"A Lamb as though it had been slain" (<span class='verse'>Revelation 5:6</span>)</li> <li>"The Lamb slain from the foundation of the world" (<span class='verse'>Revelation 13:8</span>)</li> </ol> </li> <li>The Passover Lamb <ol> <li>Select a lamb on the 10th of Nissan</li> <li>Keep it five days</li> <li>When you kill it on the 14th of Nissan, it is a sacrifice</li> <li>Kill it at twilight (between evenings) <ol type="a"> <li>First evening is sometime after 12 noon (about 3), when the intensity of the sun decreases</li> <li>Second evening before sunset</li> <li>Time span accommodates the number of lambs to be sacrificed</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Unleavened Bread <ol> <li>Bake and eat quickly</li> <li>Leaven <ol type="a"> <li>Symbol of corruption, evil, and decay</li> <li>When you add leaven to bread, it ferments</li> <li>Unleavened bread doesn't decay</li> <li>"Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? Therefore purge out the old leaven, that you may be a new batch without yeast--as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb has been sacrificed. Therefore let us keep the Festival, not with the old yeast, the yeast of malice and wickedness, but with bread without yeast, the bread of sincerity and truth." (<span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 15:6-8</span>)</li> <li>"Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy." (<span class='verse'>Luke 12:1</span>) </li> </ol> </li> <li>Jesus died the 14th of Nissan, buried the 15th of Nissan; His body didn't see decay</li> </ol> </li> <li>Eat it in haste, belt on and sandals on <ol> <li>At any moment the Angel of Death would come</li> <li>In the same way, we should anticipate the return of Jesus Christ <ol type="a"> <li>"Let your waist be girded and your lamps burning;" (<span class='verse'>Luke 12:35</span>)</li> <li>"And everyone who has this hope in Him purifies himself, just as He is pure." (<span class='verse'>1 John 3:3</span>)</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>The Passover meal : the Seder dinner (the strict order) <ol> <li>Fine tablecloth</li> <li>Egg - symbolizes hope, new life</li> <li>Roasted bone of lamb - blood of the lamb on the doorposts and lentils in Egypt</li> <li>Saltwater- tears shed by Israel in Egypt</li> <li>Bitter herbs of parsley, romaine-bitterness of bondage and suffering <ol type="a"> <li>Dipped in saltwater</li> <li>Dipped in wine-sprinkled as the blood was sprinkled on the doorposts and lentils</li> <li>Horseradish</li> </ol> </li> <li>Charoseth (chopped apples, cinnamon, wine, nuts) - the mortar for bricks</li> <li>Cinnamon stick - the straw for bricks</li> <li>Bread - unleavened Matzo - 3 pieces represent 3 strata of society <ol type="a"> <li>Priests</li> <li>Levites</li> <li>People</li> <li>Center piece removed and broken</li> <li>Jesus took bread, blessed it and broke it<br /> Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech Ha-Olum, hamotzee lechem meen ha aretz.  (Blessed are You, Yahweh our Elohim, King of the Universe, who brings forth bread from the Earth.)<br /> "Take, eat; this is My body." (<span class='verse'>Matthew 26:26</span>)</li> </ol> </li> <li>Four glasses of wine <ol type="a"> <li>Deliverance</li> <li>Sanctification</li> <li>Judgment</li> <li>Celebration</li> <li>Jesus took the cup<br /> Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha-Olam, boreh p'ri ha-gafen.<br /> Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Ruler of the Universe, Creator of the fruit of the vine.<br /> "This is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins." (Matthew 26: 28)</li> </ol> </li> <li>Host reads Exodus 12:1-13</li> <li>Recount the ten plagues</li> <li>Haggadah- the telling <ol type="a"> <li>How is this night different?</li> <li>Four questions from the son<br /> All other nights we eat both leavened bread and Matzo, why do we eat only matzo?<br /> All other nights we eat various vegetables, why do we eat bitter herbs?<br /> All other nights we eat hastily, but tonight we fast leisurely and keep vigil?<br /> All other nights we talk of mundane matters, why do we relate the full story of the Exodus?</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Night nobody slept: the Lord struck all the firstborn</li> <li>Vv. 29-30 form a refrain of a poem recited at Passover "An Only Kid"</li> <li>The Egyptians helped them pack and get out</li> <li>600,000 men plus children and wives <ol> <li>Between 2-3 million people</li> <li>Descendants of the 70 who came from Canaan into Egypt</li> </ol> </li> <li>The mixed multitude <ol> <li>Egyptians who intermarried with the Israelites, unequally yoked</li> <li>Will become troublemakers (See Numbers 11)</li> </ol> </li> <li>430 years (God rounded down in Genesis when he told Abraham)</li> <li>This is the ordinance of Passover. No outsider shall eat it. <ol> <li>Eating speaks that you are under the covenant of Abraham Isaac, Jacob</li> <li>Demonstrates you believe by faith</li> <li>Paul said of Last Supper you eat and drink damnation to yourself, when taken in an unworthy manner (See 1 Corinthians 11:21-31)</li> </ol> </li> <li>Not break the bones <ol> <li>"He guards all his bones; not one of them is broken." (<span class='verse'>Psalm 34:20</span>)</li> <li>Jesus fulfills the prophecy (See <span class='verse'>John 19:36</span>)</li> </ol> </li> <li>No uncircumcised can take it - sign of the covenant</li> <li>Passover's two roles <ol> <li>Commemoration of Israel's deliverance</li> <li>Prediction of our Deliverance</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li></ol><p><strong>Hebrew Terms</strong>: pesach - Passover; Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha-Olam, boreh p'ri ha-gafen. (Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Ruler of the Universe, Creator of the fruit of the vine.); Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech Ha-Olum, hamotzee lechem meen ha aretz. (Blessed are You, Yahveh our Elohim, King of the Universe, who brings forth bread from the Earth.)<br /> <strong>Figures Referenced</strong>: Josephus Flavius<br /> <strong> Cross References</strong>: <span class='verse'>Genesis 22:8</span>; Numbers 11; <span class='verse'>Isaiah 53:7</span>; <span class='verse'>Matthew 26:26</span>; Matthew 26: 28; <span class='verse'>Luke 12:1</span>; <span class='verse'>Luke 12:35</span>; <span class='verse'>John 1:29</span>; <span class='verse'>John 19:36</span>; <span class='verse'>Acts 4:12</span>; <span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 5:7</span>; 1 Corinthians 11:21-31; <span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 15:6-8</span>; <span class='verse'>Galatians 2:20</span>; <span class='verse'>Ephesians 2:2</span>; <span class='verse'>1 Peter 1:18-19</span>; <span class='verse'>1 John 3:3</span>; <span class='verse'>Revelation 5:6</span>; <span class='verse'>Revelation 13:8</span>; <span class='verse'>Psalm 34:20</span></p></p> <p> </p>

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Exodus 12
By Skip Heitzig
Exodus 12

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From the Series:
02 Exodus - 2011

Beginning in the brickyards of Egypt and ending in the tabernacle filled with God's presence, the book of Exodus chronicles the deliverance of God's people from Egypt and records the end of their oppression under Pharaoh. It also provides an account of the beginning of a prophecy fulfilled: God promised Abraham descendants beyond number, and on the pages of Exodus we see Israel become a great nation.

In this verse-by-verse study, Pastor Skip Heitzig presents an in-depth look at Moses, the ten plagues, the ten commandments, the desert wanderings, the construction of the tabernacle, and more. As we study, we'll see the grace of God, witness the glory of the Lord, and a catch a glimpse of Israel's coming Savior.

Visit expoundabq.org for more information on this series.

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