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Matthew 16:1-20
By Skip Heitzig
Matthew 16:1-20

Through stern rebuke, gentle prodding, and powerful teaching, Jesus instructs those around Him about who He is and how we can know and serve Him. Matthew 16 records several lessons in faith - warnings and wisdom which encourage us in our own spiritual journey.

From the teaching series 40 Matthew - 2011

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Matthew 16 (NKJV™)
1	Then the Pharisees and Sadducees came, and testing Him asked that He would show them a sign from heaven.
2	He answered and said to them, "When it is evening you say, 'It will be fair weather, for the sky is red';
3	"and in the morning, 'It will be foul weather today, for the sky is red and threatening.' Hypocrites! You know how to discern the face of the sky, but you cannot discern the signs of the times.
4	"A wicked and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and no sign shall be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah." And He left them and departed.
5	Now when His disciples had come to the other side, they had forgotten to take bread.
6	Then Jesus said to them, "Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees."
7	And they reasoned among themselves, saying, "It is because we have taken no bread."
8	But Jesus, being aware of it, said to them, "O you of little faith, why do you reason among yourselves because you have brought no bread?
9	"Do you not yet understand, or remember the five loaves of the five thousand and how many baskets you took up?
10	"Nor the seven loaves of the four thousand and how many large baskets you took up?
11	"How is it you do not understand that I did not speak to you concerning bread?--but to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees."
12	Then they understood that He did not tell them to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
13	When Jesus came into the region of Caesarea Philippi, He asked His disciples, saying, "Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?"
14	So they said, "Some say John the Baptist, some Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets."
15	He said to them, "But who do you say that I am?"
16	Simon Peter answered and said, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."
17	Jesus answered and said to him, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven.
18	"And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
19	"And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven."
20	Then He commanded His disciples that they should tell no one that He was Jesus the Christ.

New King James Version®, Copyright © 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc. All rights reserved.

<p><strong>Matthew 16:1-20 - Matthew 16:1-20</strong><br /> From the series: 40 Matthew - 2011<br /> <em>By Skip Heitzig </em><p></p> <p><strong>MESSAGE SUMMARY</strong></p> <p>Through stern rebuke, gentle prodding, and powerful teaching, Jesus instructs those around Him about who He is and how we can know and serve Him. Matthew 16 records several lessons in faith - warnings and wisdom which encourage us in our own spiritual journey. </p> <p><strong>DETAILED NOTES </strong></p> <p><ol type="I"><li>Introduction <ol type="A"><li>Jesus on earth, moving in Galilee <ol> <li>Teaching, preaching, healing</li> <li>Lives changed <ol type="a"> <li>News spread</li> <li>Some concluded this is Messiah</li> </ol> </li> <li>Leaders suspicious; want to see for themselves</li> </ol></li><li>Matthew 16: a turning point in Jesus' ministry <ol> <li>First mention of church <ol type="a"> <li>"And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it" (v. 18).</li> <li>What did He mean?</li> <li>How do we fit in?</li> </ol> </li> <li>Jesus begins preparing His disciples for what they don't expect <ol type="a"> <li>Predicted His own suffering, arrest, trial, beating, crucifixion, resurrection</li> <li>Goes over their heads</li> <li>Peter argues it won't happen (see v. 22)</li> <li>One year left in His public ministry</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li><li>Theme of Matthew 16: faith <ol> <li>No faith</li> <li>Little faith</li> <li>Saving faith</li> <li>Serving faith</li> </ol></li> </ol></li><li>No Faith (vv. 1-4) <ol type="A"><li>The Pharisees and the Sadducees <ol> <li>Odd phrase <ol type="a"> <li>Now together; almost never together</li> <li>Almost always opposed</li> <li>Enemies</li> </ol> </li> <li>Pharisees <ol type="a"> <li>Conservative theology</li> <li>Lived according to the minutiae of the oral law <ol type="i"> <li>What would Moses do?</li> <li>Referred to the written law</li> </ol> </li> <li>Believed in the spiritual world <ol type="i"> <li>Angels/demons</li> <li>Resurrection</li> </ol> </li> <li>Political separatists</li> </ol> </li> <li>Sadducees <ol type="a"> <li>Liberal theology</li> <li>Didn't believe in the spiritual world <ol type="i"> <li>No angels/no demons</li> <li>No resurrection</li> </ol> </li> <li>Rejected the oral law</li> <li>Political activists</li> </ol> </li> <li>Paul in trial before the Sanhedrin used their differences to his benefit (see Acts 22-23) <ol type="a"> <li>"But when Paul perceived that one part were Sadducees and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, 'Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee; concerning the hope and resurrection of the dead I am being judged!'" (<span class='verse'>Acts 23:6</span>)</li> <li>The assembly was divided <ol type="i"> <li>Pharisees now supported Paul</li> <li>Sadducees against him</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Agreed on their hatred of Jesus—both groups wanted Him dead</li> <li>Asked him for a sign from heaven <ol type="a"> <li>ἐκ; ek - out of</li> <li>Something they could see in the sky as dramatic and miraculous</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li><li>Jesus' answer <ol> <li>Mariners saying: "Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning; red sky at night sailor's delight"</li> <li>Jesus was the sign <ol type="a"> <li>Simeon in the temple: "Behold, this Child is destined for the fall and rising of many in Israel, and for a sign which will be spoken against" (<span class='verse'>Luke 2:34</span>)</li> <li>Sent from the Father to the earth</li> <li>Predicted by the prophets</li> </ol> </li> <li>Good at seeing the natural; lousy at seeing the supernatural <ol type="a"> <li>Restored limbs</li> <li>Made blind see</li> <li>Made deaf hear</li> </ol> </li> <li>Times <ol type="a"> <li>Not χρόνος; chromos- chronological time; sequence of time</li> <li>Καιρός; kairos- epochs, eras, seasons</li> <li>In God's redemptive history, season of Messiah on earth <ol type="i"> <li>Jesus held them responsible</li> <li>Bible students; they should have known</li> <li>"Now as He drew near, He saw the city and wept over it, saying, 'If you had known, even you, especially in this your day, the things <em>that make</em> for your peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes. For days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment around you, surround you and close you in on every side, and level you, and your children within you, to the ground; and they will not leave in you one stone upon another, because you did not know the time of your visitation'" (<span class='verse'>Luke 19:44</span>)</li> </ol> </li> <li>Today <ol type="i"> <li>Pinpoint weather forecast</li> <li>Economic forecast</li> <li>Fashion trends</li> <li>Ignorant of God's redemptive history</li> <li>Almost the end <ol type="a"> <li>Israel re-gathered against all odds</li> <li>Hebrew spoken</li> <li>Coalition between Russian and Iran against Israel</li> </ol> </li> <li>Warning: be aware of the times</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Wicked and adulterous generation <ol type="a"> <li>Wicked - exceedingly sinful</li> <li>Adulterous - spiritual infidelity <ol type="i"> <li>Israel referred to as the wife of God</li> <li>Married to systems of liberalism and legalism</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Sign of the prophet Jonah <ol type="a"> <li>"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth" (<span class='verse'>Matthew 12:40</span>)</li> <li>Resurrection</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li> </ol></li><li>Little Faith (vv. 5-12) <ol type="A"><li>Bread <ol> <li>Left in a hurry, didn't take much bread</li> <li>Took one loaf (see <span class='verse'>Mark 8:14</span>)</li> <li>Had to prepare food in advance</li> <li>Their minds were on the physical: Disciples like us</li> <li>Leaven - yeast; fermented dough influences and corrupts</li> </ol></li><li>Jesus on a spiritual wavelength; misunderstood <ol> <li>Nicodemus: "'Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.'  Nicodemus said to Him, 'How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born?'" (<span class='verse'>John 3:3-4</span>)</li> <li>Samaritan woman at the well: "'Whoever drinks of this water will thirst again, but whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him will never thirst. But the water that I shall give him will become in him a fountain of water springing up into everlasting life.'" The woman said to Him, 'Sir, give me this water, that I may not thirst, nor come here to draw'" (<span class='verse'>John 4:13-15</span>)</li> <li>Jesus miraculously fed the 4000 and the 5000, He can provide</li> </ol></li><li>Doctrine of the Pharisees and Sadducees <ol> <li>Διδαχή; didaché - doctrine, teaching</li> <li>Pharisee's doctrine: legalism</li> <li>Sadducee's doctrine: liberalism</li> <li>Both legalism and liberalism can corrupt the church <ol type="a"> <li>Lives destroyed</li> <li>Spiritual walks ruined</li> </ol> </li> <li>Bible never treats false doctrine lightly <ol type="a"> <li>"Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cleanse the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of extortion and self-indulgence" (<span class='verse'>Matthew 23:25</span>)</li> <li>"But others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire, <a name="e"></a>hating even the garment defiled by the flesh" (<span class='verse'>Jude 1:23</span>) <ol type="i"> <li>Save people out of false doctrines</li> <li>Don't linger or entertain it</li> </ol> </li> <li>Beware of what you allow yourself to listen to or watch</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li> </ol></li><li>Saving Faith (vv. 13-20) <ol type="A"><li>Training the disciples <ol> <li>2 ½ years</li> <li>Telling, training, teaching <ol type="a"> <li>About Himself</li> <li>About the truth</li> <li>Do they understand?</li> </ol> </li> <li>Setting <ol type="a"> <li>Away from the crowd; a private place</li> <li>Caesarea Philippi <ol type="i"> <li>25 miles NNE of Galilee</li> <li>Headwaters of the Jordan River <ol type="a"> <li>Feeds life to Israel</li> <li>Stops at the Dead Sea</li> <li>According to Josephus, cave at the foot of Mt. Hermon</li> <li>Called Living Water</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Importance <ol type="i"> <li>Geographic significance: entire land depended on it</li> <li>Important to Pagans <ol type="a"> <li>14 pagan temples (including Baal, Pan, and Caesar Augustus built by Herod)</li> <li>Notable place of worship</li> </ol> </li> <li>Contrast with Himself</li> </ol> </li> <li>Cool place <ol type="i"> <li>1700 feet above sea level</li> <li>Contrast Sea of Galilee <ol type="a"> <li>Hot physically</li> <li>Hot politically</li> <li>Hot spiritually</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> </ol></li><li>Jesus' two simple questions <ol> <li>"Who do men say I, the Son of Man, am?" (v.13) <ol type="a"> <li>He knew; wanted to contrast what people said with what they knew Him to be</li> <li>Son of Man <ol type="i"> <li>Used 100 times in the gospels</li> <li>Jesus indentifying with mankind</li> <li>Used of Ezekiel</li> <li>Jesus adopted term </li> <li>Most frequent description in the gospels</li> </ol> </li> <li>John the Baptist <ol type="i"> <li>Herod Antipas worried John the Baptist was raised from the dead (see <span class='verse'>Matthew 14:2</span>)</li> <li>As John was bold and uncompromising, so was Jesus (see <span class='verse'>Matthew 3:7</span>)</li> </ol> </li> <li>Elijah <ol type="i"> <li>Dead 900 years</li> <li>"Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord. And he will turn The hearts of the fathers to the children, And the hearts of the children to their fathers, Lest I come and strike the earth with a curse" (<span class='verse'>Malachi 4:5-6</span>)</li> <li>Jews anticipated Elijah: vacant seat and open door at Passover</li> </ol> </li> <li>Jeremiah <ol type="i"> <li>The weeping prophet</li> <li>Jesus—a Man of deep emotion, filled with compassion, will weep over Jerusalem</li> <li>Story, legend: Before Babylonian destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, Jeremiah took the Ark of the Covenant and Altar of Incense and hid them on top of Mt. Nebo; before Messiah comes, Jeremiah will return and rightful place of Israel </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>"Who do you say that I am?" (v. 16) <ol type="a"> <li>Determines the fate of everyone</li> <li>"You are the Christ, the Son of the living God" (v. 16) <ol type="i"> <li>Christ not His last name</li> <li><em>Yeshua Ben Yosef; Jesus son of Joseph</em></li> <li>χριστὸς; Christos - Christ</li> <li>מָשִׁ֫יח; mashiach - Messiah, anointed, smeared one</li> <li>Son of God <ol type="a"> <li>Essence and nature of the Father</li> <li>Affirmation of His deity</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> </ol></li><li>On this Rock <ol> <li>Catholic church teaches the primacy of Peter <ol type="a"> <li>Peter the first pope</li> <li>Vicar of Christ; Bishop of Rome <ol type="i"> <li>Passed down through apostolic succession</li> <li>Pope speaks <em>ex cathedra; </em>from the chair</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Church not built on Peter <ol type="a"> <li>That would be a weak church</li> <li>Not the understanding of the apostles <ol type="i"> <li>Peter not in charge of the early church</li> <li>James was in charge and Peter submitted to James</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Play on words <ol type="a"> <li>Πέτρος; petros - pebbles</li> <li>πέτρᾳ; petra - rock</li> <li>"You are a little pebble but upon this massive stone I will build my church"</li> <li>"I'm not building my church on you, pebble, but on what you said</li> <li>Build on people who believe and confess what you confessed</li> <li>"For no other foundation can anyone lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ" (<span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 3:11</span>)</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li><li>Keys of the Kingdom <ol> <li>Implement of authority</li> <li>If you have the keys, you have control; you are a steward</li> <li>"He who has the key of David, He who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens"(<span class='verse'>Revelation 3:7</span>)</li> <li>Eliakim had the key of David on his shoulder signifying charge of the doors and authority (see <span class='verse'>Isaiah 22:22</span>)</li> <li>Peter acted as steward of the kingdom <ol type="a"> <li>Opened the doors wide on Pentecost when 3000 were saved (first sermon)</li> <li>Opened the door of faith for the Gentiles with Cornelius</li> </ol> </li> </ol></li> </ol></li></ol><p><strong>Hebrew terms</strong>: מָשִׁ֫יח; mashiach - Messiah, anointed, smeared one; <em>Yeshua Ben Yosef; Jesus son of Joseph</em> <br /> <strong>Greek terms</strong>: ἐκ; ek - out of; χρόνος; chromos- chronological time; sequence of time; Καιρός; kairos- epochs, eras, seasons; χριστὸς; Christos - Christ; Πέτρος; petros - pebbles; πέτρᾳ; petra - rock<br /> <strong>Figures referenced</strong>: Josephus<br /> <strong>Cross references</strong>: <span class='verse'>Isaiah 22:22</span>; <span class='verse'>Malachi 4:5-6</span>; <span class='verse'>Matthew 3:7</span>; <span class='verse'>Matthew 12:40</span>; <span class='verse'>Matthew 14:2</span>; <span class='verse'>Matthew 23:25</span>; <V>Mark 8:14</span>; <span class='verse'>Luke 2:34</span>; <span class='verse'>Luke 19:44</span>; <span class='verse'>John 4:13-15</span>; Acts 22; Acts 23; <span class='verse'>Acts 23:6</span>; <span class='verse'>1 Corinthians 3:11</span>; <span class='verse'>Jude 1:23</span>; <span class='verse'>Revelation 3:7</span></p></p> <p> </p>

Who We Are:

We pursue the God who is passionately pursuing a lost world; we do this with one another, through worship, by the Word, to the world.

What We Do:

Upreach
We express our adoration of Jesus through dynamic worship and uncompromised obedience.

Inreach
We explain the relevance of the Bible to empower and transform lives for service.

Outreach
We extend hope to a hurting world by proclaiming the gospel and demonstrating Christ's love.

Our Beliefs

We Believe that there is one living and true GOD, eternally existing in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, equal in power and glory; this triune God created all, upholds all, and governs all.

We Believe that the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God, fully inspired, without error in the original manuscripts, and the infallible rule of faith and practice.

We Believe in God the Father, an infinite, personal Spirit, perfect in Holiness, wisdom, power, and love; that He concerns Himself mercifully in the affairs of men; that He hears and answers prayer; and that He saves from sin and death all who come to Him through faith in Jesus Christ.

We Believe in Jesus Christ, God's only begotten Son, conceived by the Holy Spirit.

We Believe in His virgin birth, sinless life, miracles, and teaching, His substitutionary atoning death, bodily resurrection, ascension into heaven, perpetual intercession for His people, and personal, visible return to earth.

We Believe in the Holy Spirit, who came forth from the Father and Son to convict the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment; and to regenerate, sanctify and empower all that believe in Jesus Christ for ministry.

We Believe that the Holy Spirit indwells every believer in Jesus Christ and that He is an abiding Helper, Teacher, and Guide.

We Believe in the present ministry of the Holy Spirit and in the exercise of all the Biblical gifts of the Holy Spirit.

We Believe that all people are sinners by nature and choice and, therefore, are under condemnation; that God regenerates by the Holy Spirit, those who repent of their sins and confess Jesus Christ as Lord.

We Believe that Jesus Christ baptizes the seeking believer with the Holy Spirit and empowers the believers for service, often subsequent to regeneration.

We Believe in the universal church, the living spiritual body, of which Christ is the head, and all regenerated persons are members.

We Believe that Jesus committed two ordinances to the church: 1) Baptism and, 2) the Lord's Supper. We believe in baptism by immersion and communion open to all believers.

We Believe also in the laying on of hands for baptism of the Holy Spirit, for ordination of pastors, elders, and deacons, and receiving from the Holy Spirit through the believer the gift of healing.

We Believe in the personal, visible return of Christ to the earth and the establishing of His Kingdom, in the resurrection of the body, the final judgment and eternal blessing of the righteous, and the endless suffering of the wicked.

We Believe in what is termed the Apostles Creed as embodying the fundamental facts of Christian faith.

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Matthew 16:1-20
By Skip Heitzig
Matthew 16:1-20

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From the Series:
40 Matthew - 2011

From its opening genealogy through its careful record of Old Testament prophecies fulfilled, Matthew's gospel forms a bridge between the Old Testament and the New Testament. In this in-depth study by Pastor Skip Heitzig we'll consider Jesus' ancestry, birth, public ministry, death, and resurrection, and we'll gain a clearer understanding of Jesus as both Messiah and King.

Visit expoundabq.org for more information on this series.

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